County profile
Callahan County, Texas Community Health Profile
Environmental risk, disease burden, provider access, and SDOH scores for community health needs assessment and service line planning. Fused from EPA, CDC, CMS, and Census data into a single free view.
Opportunity Score
Env
29
−21 vs U.S. mean
Disease
49
−2 vs U.S. mean
Provider
74
+24 vs U.S. mean
SDOH
66
+16 vs U.S. mean
Specific health risk patterns
Callahan County, TX: 3 specific risk patterns triggered
Each pattern below combines a specific environmental exposure with a population that is more vulnerable to that exposure. When both are present at meaningful levels in Callahan County, the pattern triggers. These are the most concrete data points for documenting a significant health need in a Community Health Needs Assessment and for planning where services or community investment would land hardest.
Internally, we call these “Compound Signals.” Each is a versioned, weighted composite scored against the national distribution. The full formula and citations live on the methodology page.
Pesticide intensity at 21.9 kg per sq mi, summer max temperatures averaging 93.5°F.
Pesticide + heat exposure × Farmworker population
Defend this finding — full lineage to source data3 sources cited
Field Burdenneeds reviewCallahan County: 80/100 (elevated above the 70th-percentile threshold)
Callahan County: 80/100 (elevated above the 70th-percentile threshold)
Pesticide intensity × summer heat × farmworker population proxy. Surfaces counties where outdoor agricultural workers face simultaneous heat-illness and pesticide-exposure risk.
Methodology. Demographic identifies the population HRSA 330(g) migrant/seasonal worker centers were created to serve. v1 weights are pending finalization — see ticket #90 — and the score is published with medium confidence pending the curation pass.
Threshold. Elevated when score ≥ 70th national percentile across all US counties evaluated for this signal
Peer set. All US counties evaluated for the signal (~3,222, less coverage gaps)
Components (3)
34th percentile
National percentile rank of pesticide application intensity per square mile, conservative-against-undercounting (EPest_HIGH) basis.
USGS — Pesticide National Synthesis Project (PNSP)
Vintage: PNSP 2019 (preliminary) · Refresh: Annual when published · Lag: 2–3 years
How it's measured. Total kg / county land area in sq mi, then rank-percentile against all PNSP-covered US counties. EPest_HIGH is the regional-pool imputation that errs against undercounting.
Caveat. PNSP is on medium-low update reliability — see pesticide_total_kg caveat.
Coverage. 3,054 of 3,222 US counties
93.5 °F
Mean of the daily maximum temperature across the meteorological summer (June–August).
NOAA — Applied Climate Information System (ACIS) — RCC-ACIS
Vintage: Multi-year mean (2018–2023 typical) · Refresh: Monthly · Lag: Current year
How it's measured. NOAA ACIS aggregates GHCN-Daily station observations to county-level summer (JJA) daily-max means using inverse-distance weighting. Smooths year-to-year noise; captures the structural heat profile.
Coverage. All 3,222 US counties
Composite proxy for outdoor agricultural worker exposure, derived from USDA NASS livestock counts and crop acreage indicators.
USDA — NASS — National Agricultural Statistics Service
Vintage: NASS Quick Stats current vintage · Refresh: Annual · Lag: 1–2 years
How it's measured. Weighted blend of farmworker-intensive crop acreage and livestock operations, used as a proxy for the population that HRSA 330(g) migrant/seasonal worker centers were created to serve. Direct farmworker counts are unreliable below state level; this proxy is the structural-pattern stand-in.
Coverage. Counties with non-zero ag activity
56 days above 95°F against a heart-disease + diabetes prevalence of 7.6% + 13.2%.
Extreme heat exposure × Heat-vulnerable population
Defend this finding — full lineage to source data5 sources cited
Heat VulnerabilityCallahan County: 75/100 (elevated above the 70th-percentile threshold)
Callahan County: 75/100 (elevated above the 70th-percentile threshold)
Extreme heat exposure × cardiometabolic comorbidity × cardiology access deficit. Surfaces counties where a hot-day mortality event would land hardest.
Methodology. Heat-related cardiovascular mortality is the canonical climate-health linkage. The cardiometabolic blend identifies populations with the comorbidity profile that most amplifies heat-event mortality; the cardiology access leg captures whether the local system can absorb a heat-event surge.
Threshold. Elevated when score ≥ 70th national percentile across all US counties evaluated for this signal
Peer set. All US counties evaluated for the signal (~3,222, less coverage gaps)
Evidence base
- · Bobb JF et al. 'Heat-related mortality and adaptation to heat in the United States.' Environmental Health Perspectives 2014.
- · Khatana SAM et al. 'Association of extreme heat with all-cause mortality in the contiguous US.' JAMA Network Open 2022.
Components (3)
93.5 °F
Mean of the daily maximum temperature across the meteorological summer (June–August).
NOAA — Applied Climate Information System (ACIS) — RCC-ACIS
Vintage: Multi-year mean (2018–2023 typical) · Refresh: Monthly · Lag: Current year
How it's measured. NOAA ACIS aggregates GHCN-Daily station observations to county-level summer (JJA) daily-max means using inverse-distance weighting. Smooths year-to-year noise; captures the structural heat profile.
Coverage. All 3,222 US counties
Coronary heart disease + diabetes blend30%
60/40 dominant/secondary percentile blend of CHD and diabetes prevalence.
Methodology. Heat-vulnerability cardiometabolic cluster — counties with both conditions elevated face compounding heat-event mortality risk. Same dominant/secondary rule as the asthma+COPD blend.
Components (2)
7.6%
Percent of adults age 18+ self-reporting coronary heart disease diagnosis.
CDC — PLACES — Local Data for Better Health
Vintage: PLACES 2022–2023 · Refresh: Monthly · Lag: 1–2 years
How it's measured. PLACES small-area estimation from BRFSS self-report. Self-reported CHD undercounts asymptomatic disease.
Coverage. All 3,222 US counties
13.2%
Percent of adults age 18+ self-reporting diabetes diagnosis (excludes gestational).
CDC — PLACES — Local Data for Better Health
Vintage: PLACES 2022–2023 · Refresh: Monthly · Lag: 1–2 years
How it's measured. PLACES small-area estimation from BRFSS self-report. Excludes gestational diabetes per the BRFSS question framing.
Coverage. All 3,222 US counties
Cardiology access deficit30%
Inverted national percentile rank of cardiologists per 100K, with a 50/50 in-county/neighbor-county adjacency adjustment.
Methodology. Same adjacency-adjusted inversion as pulmonology deficit. Reduces false positives near major cardiac centers.
Components (2)
7.1 providers / 100K
Active cardiology specialists practicing in the county, normalized to population.
CMS — NPPES — National Plan and Provider Enumeration System
Vintage: Current month · Refresh: Monthly · Lag: Same month
How it's measured. NPPES registry filtered to active cardiology taxonomy codes, geocoded to practice address, summed per county, divided by Census population estimate.
Caveat. NPPES is registration-time data, not practice attestation. The 50/50 adjacency adjustment helps but does not eliminate location noise.
Coverage. All 3,222 US counties
7.1 providers / 100K
Active cardiology specialists practicing in the county, normalized to population.
CMS — NPPES — National Plan and Provider Enumeration System
Vintage: Current month · Refresh: Monthly · Lag: Same month
How it's measured. NPPES registry filtered to active cardiology taxonomy codes, geocoded to practice address, summed per county, divided by Census population estimate.
Caveat. NPPES is registration-time data, not practice attestation. The 50/50 adjacency adjustment helps but does not eliminate location noise.
Coverage. All 3,222 US counties
0.25% customer-hours of outage exposure against 180 DME-dependent Medicare beneficiaries (50.5 per 1k).
Power outage risk × Electricity-dependent medical population
Defend this finding — full lineage to source data6 sources cited
Outage VulnerabilityCallahan County: 72/100 (elevated above the 70th-percentile threshold)
Callahan County: 72/100 (elevated above the 70th-percentile threshold)
Summer heat × DOE/ORNL outage burden × emPOWER electricity-dependent Medicare × CHD/COPD prevalence × pre-1980 housing AC proxy. The compound that no aggregator surfaces.
Methodology. Combines structural heat exposure with an outage-burden track record AND a population uniquely harmed by outages (electricity-dependent DME) AND comorbidities that amplify outage harm (CHD/COPD) AND a housing-stock proxy for AC penetration. The pre-1980 housing leg is currently null pending Census ACS B25034 derivation; the score still computes from 4 of 5 components.
Threshold. Elevated when score ≥ 70th national percentile across all US counties evaluated for this signal
Peer set. 3,050 of 3,222 US counties (DOE EAGLE-I coverage); Alaska + sparsely-served rural may have no signal
Evidence base
- · McBrien H, Casey JA. 'Power outages and respiratory hospitalization risk in the US.' PLOS Medicine 2026 (8+ hour county outages → respiratory hospitalization RR 1.05).
- · Stone B et al. 'Compound climate and infrastructure events.' Environmental Science & Technology 2023 (heat × blackout doubles all-cause mortality in modeling; Phoenix worst-case ~13,000 deaths).
- · Brelsford C et al. 'A dataset of recorded electricity outages by US county 2014–2022.' Scientific Data 2024 (validates DOE/ORNL EAGLE-I).
Components (5)
93.5 °F
Mean of the daily maximum temperature across the meteorological summer (June–August).
NOAA — Applied Climate Information System (ACIS) — RCC-ACIS
Vintage: Multi-year mean (2018–2023 typical) · Refresh: Monthly · Lag: Current year
How it's measured. NOAA ACIS aggregates GHCN-Daily station observations to county-level summer (JJA) daily-max means using inverse-distance weighting. Smooths year-to-year noise; captures the structural heat profile.
Coverage. All 3,222 US counties
84.1K customer-hours
Total customer-hours of electrical outage in the county for the year, summed from 15-minute interval data.
DOE / ORNL — EAGLE-I — Environment for Analysis of Geo-Located Energy Information
Vintage: Annual rollup of 15-minute interval data · Refresh: Annual · Lag: 1 year
Source page →DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.24237376
How it's measured. DOE/ORNL aggregates utility-reported 15-minute outage counts across ~93% of US electricity customers, stitched into a continuous county-level outage timeline. Validated against utility filings in Brelsford et al, Scientific Data 2024.
Caveat. Excludes some smaller cooperatives; the 7% missing customers are concentrated in rural Alaska and parts of the rural West.
Coverage. 3,050 of 3,222 US counties (AK + sparsely-served rural may have no block)
50.5 per 1,000 Medicare benes
Rate of Medicare beneficiaries using power-dependent durable medical equipment (oxygen concentrators, ventilators, IV pumps, hospital beds) per 1,000 county beneficiaries.
HHS / ASPR — emPOWER Map — Medicare DME claims
Vintage: Current month · Refresh: Monthly · Lag: Same month
How it's measured. HHS ASPR derives power-dependent DME counts from Medicare claims for HCPCS codes covering ventilators, suction pumps, oxygen concentrators, NPWT pumps, and infusion pumps. The population most directly harmed by sustained outages.
Caveat. Same 1–10 masking as the dialysis rate. Underestimates total power-dependent population by Medicaid + commercial-insured + uninsured exclusion.
Coverage. All 3,222 US counties
Coronary heart disease + COPD blend15%
60/40 dominant/secondary percentile blend of CHD and COPD prevalence.
Methodology. Outage-vulnerability cluster — the conditions most directly harmed when a sustained outage halts both CPAP/BiPAP and rescue-medication workflows.
Components (2)
7.6%
Percent of adults age 18+ self-reporting coronary heart disease diagnosis.
CDC — PLACES — Local Data for Better Health
Vintage: PLACES 2022–2023 · Refresh: Monthly · Lag: 1–2 years
How it's measured. PLACES small-area estimation from BRFSS self-report. Self-reported CHD undercounts asymptomatic disease.
Coverage. All 3,222 US counties
8.2%
Percent of adults age 18+ self-reporting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease diagnosis.
CDC — PLACES — Local Data for Better Health
Vintage: PLACES 2022–2023 · Refresh: Monthly · Lag: 1–2 years
How it's measured. PLACES small-area estimation from BRFSS self-report. Underestimates true prevalence by an unknown factor since many cases go undiagnosed in low-access areas.
Coverage. All 3,222 US counties
40.5%
Percent of housing units built before 1980 — a proxy for central air conditioning penetration (post-1980 codes typically include central AC).
Census Bureau — American Community Survey — Table B25034 (Year Structure Built)
Vintage: ACS 5-Year 2019–2023 · Refresh: Quarterly · Lag: 1 year
How it's measured. Sum of B25034 categories for housing units built 1979 and earlier, divided by total occupied units. Used as a proxy for the share of housing without central AC; the post-1978 lead-paint ban and the post-1980 construction-code uplift roughly coincide.
Caveat. Currently null in the production JSON pending pipeline derivation (methodology v1.8.0). Outage Vulnerability score still computes from 4 of 5 components.
Coverage. All 3,222 US counties (when populated)
2 signals near threshold: Heat-Dialysis Vulnerability (54) · Smoke Burden (51)
8 signals evaluated. See all signal methodologies →
Where Callahan County stands
Health risks here sit near national averages
Callahan County, Texas has elevated doctor and specialist shortages — primary care and specialty access rank worse than 74% of U.S. counties. Pollution exposure, chronic disease rates, and social and economic conditions all sit closer to the middle of the national distribution. The issue here is healthcare infrastructure — not enough providers for the population — rather than vulnerability piling up across multiple dimensions. Counties in this profile are candidates for provider-recruitment and capacity-building investment.
Methodology: when three or more of the four major health-risk areas (pollution, chronic disease, doctor access, social and economic conditions) score above the 70th national percentile, we call the pattern “multi-pillar convergence.” The scoring approach and citations live on the methodology page.
Risk profile
Callahan County compared to Texas and the U.S. average
Four health-risk scores on a 0-100 scale, where 50 is the U.S. average. A higher score means that area is a stronger contributor to community health risk.
Provider Gap (74) is worse than at least 70% of U.S. counties, the largest contributor to community health risk here.
SDOH Stress (66) is moderately worse than the U.S. average of 50.
Environmental Risk (29) and Disease Burden (49) are at or better than the U.S. average.
- Callahan County
- Texas state mean
- U.S. mean (50)
- Signal threshold (70)
Current Conditions
Today's air quality, fires, and weather alerts
Live operational data for Callahan County: real-time AQI from EPA AirNow, active fires from NIFC, and any National Weather Service advisories. Updated daily.
Environmental Factors
Air, water, and exposure indicators
Top environmental indicators for Callahan County with state and national benchmarks. Full profile covers 40+ metrics on the platform.
| Indicator | Callahan County | TX avg | US avg |
|---|---|---|---|
PM2.5 (annual mean) EPA AQS / EJSCREEN | 6.8 µg/m³ ▼ -10% vs TX | 7.6 | 7.4 |
Ozone EPA AQS / EJSCREEN | 55.0 ppb ▼ -7.1% vs TX | 59.2 | 57.1 |
Traffic Proximity EJSCREEN | 53,850 index ▼ -68% vs TX | 167,061 | 291,320 |
Days Above 95°F NOAA ACIS | 56 days/yr ▼ -30% vs TX | 79 | 25 |
Superfund Proximity EPA EJSCREEN | 0.00 score ▼ -100% vs TX | 0.04 | 0.16 |
Drinking Water Violations EPA EJSCREEN | 22.34 score ▲ +146% vs TX | 9.09 | 3.39 |
Wildfire-Attributable Air Quality
Smoke PM2.5 the EPA doesn't count
Stanford peer-reviewed wildfire-attributable PM2.5 for Callahan County. The EPA classifies wildfire smoke as "exceptional events" and excludes it from official AQS monitoring; Childs/Burke fills that gap with daily county-level data.
Source: Childs et al, Environmental Science & Technology 2022 (Harvard Dataverse 10.7910/DVN/DJVMTV). Latest year shipped: 2020. Burke et al, Nature 2023 estimate that the EPA AQS network undercounts wildfire-attributable PM2.5 by 10–30% in fire-affected counties. Coverage is CONUS only. Full methodology →
Outage Burden
When the grid goes dark
DOE/ORNL EAGLE-I customer-hours-out for Callahan County in 2024. The fraction is population-normalized via the Maximum Customer Count denominator (Brelsford et al, Sci Data 2024) so it's directly comparable across counties of any size.
Source: DOE/ORNL EAGLE-I (figshare 10.6084/m9.figshare.24237376). Latest year shipped: 2024. Coverage: 3,050 of 3,222 US counties; AK and some sparsely-served rural counties may have no data. Full methodology →
Severe Weather History
Recorded storm events and damages
NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database for Callahan County, 2010–2026. Cumulative + last 5 years of recorded weather events with deaths, injuries, and damages.
Source: NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database (full history rollup). NOAA buckets ~50 raw event_type strings into 8 health-relevant categories. Coverage: 3,107 of 3,222 US counties; the absent are typically Alaska boroughs and territories where NOAA codes events as forecast zones rather than counties. Full methodology →
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations
Livestock density and federal-permit confidence
USDA Census of Agriculture (vintage 2022) animal-unit totals for Callahan County, normalized to land area and ranked nationally. Animal Units (AU) follow the EPA federal definition under 40 CFR §122.23.
Source: USDA Census of Agriculture 2022 (head counts) + EPA 40 CFR §122.23 (animal-unit conversion). The CAFO composite deliberately omits NPDES facility counts because federal coverage averages ~32% nationally per EPA-IG and is heavily state-skewed — adding it as a numerator would systematically bias the index toward delegated states. Full methodology →
Pesticide Use
USGS Pesticide National Synthesis
Annual pesticide application rollup for Callahan County from the USGS Pesticide National Synthesis Project. Most recent year on file: 2019. Mass figures use the EPest_HIGH estimate (the conservative-against-undercounting framing); EPest_LOW is also retained on the underlying data.
- 1.2,4-D6.8K kg
- 2.GLYPHOSATE6.3K kg
- 3.DICAMBA1.4K kg
- 4.ACETOCHLOR1.2K kg
- 5.ACEPHATE957 kg
Source: USGS Pesticide National Synthesis Project (2019). USGS PNSP nationally; year 2019 is preliminary; 2018 unavailable; 2020+ not released. Update reliability medium-low. Full methodology →
Health Outcomes
Chronic disease prevalence
CDC PLACES model-based prevalence estimates for adults in Callahan County. Full profile covers 15+ health outcomes plus mortality on the platform.
| Condition | Callahan County | TX avg | US avg |
|---|---|---|---|
Current Asthma % of adults with current asthma | 10.2% ▲ +3.8% vs TX | 9.8% | 10.6% |
COPD % of adults with diagnosed COPD | 8.2% ▲ +6.5% vs TX | 7.7% | 8.6% |
Diabetes % of adults with diagnosed diabetes | 13.2% ▼ -9.7% vs TX | 14.6% | 13.7% |
Coronary Heart Disease % of adults with CHD | 7.6% ▲ +2.3% vs TX | 7.4% | 7.9% |
Depression % of adults ever diagnosed with depression | 23.9% ▲ +8.1% vs TX | 22.1% | 23.1% |
Frequent Mental Distress % of adults with 14+ poor mental health days/month | 17.3% -0.6% vs TX | 17.4% | 17.2% |
Vulnerable Medicare Population
Who needs the grid to stay alive
Medicare beneficiaries in Callahan County who depend on electricity for dialysis, oxygen, or other powered medical equipment. From the HHS emPOWER program, which CMS publishes monthly so emergency managers know who to find first when the power goes out.
| Population | Count | Per 1,000 Medicare |
|---|---|---|
Total Medicare beneficiaries Denominator | 3,566 | — |
Electricity-dependent (any DME) Ventilators, oxygen concentrators, IV pumps, motorized wheelchairs | 180 | 50.5 ▼ -11% vs TX |
Dialysis-dependent ESRD beneficiaries needing in-center or home dialysis | 0 | 0.00 ▼ -100% vs TX |
Oxygen-dependent Home oxygen concentrators (outage-vulnerable) | 53 | 14.9 ▼ -30% vs TX |
Source: HHS emPOWER Map (ArcGIS county layer), May 2026. Counts of 1–10 are masked as “≤10” per HHS privacy rules; per-1,000 rates are derived and still respect the privacy floor. Full methodology →
Provider Supply
Specialty physician density per 100,000 residents
Active providers in Callahan County from the CMS National Plan and Provider Enumeration System (NPPES). Compared to the U.S. average for each specialty. Adjacency adjustment is applied separately in the Provider Gap pillar score.
| Specialty | Callahan County | US avg |
|---|---|---|
Primary Care Family medicine, internal medicine, general practice, pediatrics. | 114.1 per 100k ▼ -12% vs US | 130.4 |
Cardiology Cardiovascular disease, electrophysiology, interventional cardiology. | 7.1 per 100k ▼ -41% vs US | 12.1 |
Pulmonology Respiratory disease specialists — relevant to PM2.5 and wildfire smoke exposure. | 7.1 per 100k ▲ +18% vs US | 6.0 |
Psychiatry Mental health prescribers; complements behavioral health access. | 14.3 per 100k ▼ -24% vs US | 18.7 |
Oncology / Hematology Cancer specialists. | 7.1 per 100k ▲ +11% vs US | 6.4 |
Neurology Neurological disease specialists. | 7.1 per 100k ▼ -9.8% vs US | 7.9 |
Source: CMS National Plan and Provider Enumeration System (NPPES). Counts reflect providers with a primary practice address in Callahan County; specialty is taken from the provider's primary NUCC taxonomy code.
Pro analytical view
What drives this county's scores
The flagged signals and service-line opportunities for Callahan County, plus the methodology decomposition behind each score. Visible to Pro, Consultant Studio, and Enterprise tiers.
Where to focus
Pro feature
Top flagged signals + service lines are a Pro feature
See how each signal's components blend into its final score, and which signals + service lines this county should prioritize. Available on Professional, Consultant Studio, and Enterprise.
Score decomposition
Each named signal's component breakdown with weights. The bar length is the component's percentile rank; the parenthetical is its weight in the final blend.
Pro feature
Score decomposition is a Pro feature
See how each signal's components blend into its final score, and which signals + service lines this county should prioritize. Available on Professional, Consultant Studio, and Enterprise.
Tract drill-down
Census tracts inside Callahan County
Pro feature
Tract-level drill-down is a Pro feature
See how each signal's components blend into its final score, and which signals + service lines this county should prioritize. Available on Professional, Consultant Studio, and Enterprise.
On the full platform
What else is available for Callahan County
The page above is a subset. The free Community account unlocks the full single-county profile: every indicator, every data source, demographics, historical trends, and mortality data. Professional unlocks multi-county comparison, compound signal analysis, service line rankings, and consultant-ready PDF reports.
Full Environmental Profile
All 40+ environmental metrics including toxic releases, hazardous site proximity, PFAS detection, pesticide exposure, and climate stress indicators.
Service Line Opportunities
See how Callahan County ranks for respiratory, oncology, cardiovascular, renal, endocrine, and behavioral health service line opportunity.
Multi-County Comparison
Compare Callahan County side-by-side with neighboring counties across every dimension.
Trend Analysis
5-year sparklines for health outcomes, SDOH measures, and mortality rates so you can see where the county is heading, not just where it is today.
PDF Report Export
Generate a consultant-ready environmental health briefing for Callahan County with methodology citations. Drops straight into a CHNA or grant application.
Nearby Counties
Counties bordering Callahan County
Adjacent county profiles with their own scores and environmental health data. Source: Census Bureau County Adjacency File.
Coleman County
Texas
67
Elevated
Eastland County
Texas
61
Elevated
Shackelford County
Texas
56
Elevated
Brown County
Texas
53
Moderate
Jones County
Texas
51
Moderate
Taylor County
Texas
39
Below Avg
Data sources: EPA AQS, EPA EJSCREEN, EPA TRI, CDC PLACES, CDC WONDER, CMS NPPES, Census ACS, County Health Rankings, NOAA ACIS, NCI State Cancer Profiles. Every score on this page is derived from publicly available federal data, fused by the Banana Analytics pipeline.
Methodology: See the full scoring methodology (v1.2.0) for weights, sensitivity analysis, and validation against county-level mortality data.
Last refreshed: May 28, 2026